ABSTRACT The modification of land use has caused the loss, fragmentation and degradation of the scarce remnant of native forest present in south-central Chile, habitat of marsupials of the genus Dromiciops (Microbiotheria). In this study, we explored the presence of Dromiciops through camera traps in a relict area of coastal mediterranean sclerophyllous forest. The presence of Dromiciops was recorded in four of the nine sites evaluated. This finding corresponds to the first formal record of Dromiciops in this area.

RESUMEN La modificación del uso de suelo ha provocado la pérdida, fragmentación y degradación del escaso remanente de bosque nativo presente en el centro-sur de Chile, hábitat de marsupiales del género Dromiciops (Microbiotheria). En este estudio, exploramos la presencia de Dromiciops a través de cámaras trampa en una zona relicta de bosque esclerófilo mediterráneo costero. Se registró la presencia de Dromiciops en cuatro de los nueve sitios evaluados. Este hallazgo corresponde al primer registro formal de Dromiciops en esta área.

RESUMO ANTECEDENTES: Há evidências de detecçâo de Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) em fezes de recém-nascidos, como também dentro de leveduras que colonizam a cavidade oral dessa faixa etária. No entanto, faltam investigações que confirmem esses achados. OBJETIVO: Identificar H. pylori intracelular em leveduras de origem oral e detectar antígenos dessa bactéria em fezes neonatais. METODOLOGIA: Estudo transversal e descritivo. As amostras foram obtidas de bebês (zaragatoa oral e mecônio). As identificações das espécies de leveduras foram realizadas utilizando as seguintes técnicas: CHROMagar Candida, teste de tubo germinativo e sistema de identificação API Cândida. As leveduras foram observadas por microscopía óptica e fluorescência. Realizou-se a detecçâo de antígeno de H. pylori em mecônio e PCR para a amplificação de genes específicos desta bactéria (rRNA16S, cagA, vacA s1a, vacA s1b, vacA s2, vacA m1, vacA m2 e dupA). RESULTADOS: Foi detectado H. pylori intracelular em leveduras da espécie Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) isoladas a partir de zaragatoas oral de um recém-nascido. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo evidenciaram a existência interna de levedura de H. pylori em recém-nascidos.

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: There is evidence of detection of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the stool of newborns and in the yeast that colonizes the oral cavity of this age group. However, there is a lack of research to confirm it. This study proposes to determine the existence of the bacteria at an early age, specifically in newborns. OBJECTIVE: To identify intracellular H. pylori in oral yeasts and to detect antigens of the bacteria in newborn stools. METHODOLOGY: Cross-sectional and descriptive study. Samples were obtained from infants (oral swab and meconium). Identification of yeast species was performed using the following techniques: CHROMagar Candida, Germinal Tube Test and API Candida Identification System, then the yeasts were observed by light microscopy and fluorescence. Detection of H. pylori antigen in meconium and PCR were performed to amplify specific genes of the bacterium (rRNA16S, cagA, vacA s1a, vacA s1b, vacA s2, vacA m1, vacA m2 and dupA). RESULTS: Intracellular H. pylori was detected in yeast of the species Candida glabrata (C. glabrata) isolated from an oral swab of a newborn. CONCLUSION: The results of this study evidenced the existence of intracellular H. pylori in newborns.

The economic feasibility and the technical consistency of a system to produce biofuels were analyzed in Central Chile in the year 2010. In this study, the biodiesel, ethanol, and biogas platforms were integrated to assess the internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV) indexes. The analysis included the influence of the type of alcohol used in the manufacture of biodiesel (ethanol versus methanol), the effect of the relative size of the platform of ethanol with respect to biodiesel, and the impact of the value of main agricultural feedstocks. The study used combinations of plant sizes of10 000-20 000 m³ y -1 for ethanol, and 20 00040 000 m³ y -1 for biodiesel, and in all the cases the biogas platform was projected with a generating capacity of 1 MW of electricity. The mass and energy flows were obtained through the balance of mass and energy of the integrated system. All cases studied showed that the impact of the price of grain was greater for ethanol than for biodiesel. According to the economic approach based on the NPV, the system presents negative economical indexes. Sensitivity analysis showed that for production of biodiesel with both methanol and ethanol the monetary flows are negative. There was a minimal change in NPV values with different interest rates of 10, 12 and 15 %. The analysis showed that no capital increase is generated as a result of the project, for any of the three scenarios.

La viabilidad económica y la consistencia técnica de un sistema para la producción de biocombustibles se analizaron en Chile Central en el año 2010. En este estudio, las plataformas del biodiésel, etanol y biogás se integraron para evaluar los índices de la tasa interna de retorno (TIR) y el valor actual neto (VAN). El análisis incluyó la influencia del tipo de alcohol utilizado en la fabricación de biodiésel (etanol versus metanol), el efecto del tamaño relativo de la plataforma de etanol con respecto al biodiésel, y el impacto del valor de las principales materias primas agrícolas. El estudio usó combinaciones de tamaño de las plantas de 10 000 a 20 000 m³ año -1 para etanol y 20 000 a 40 000 m³ año -1 para biodiésel, y en todos los casos la plataforma de biogás se proyectó con una capacidad de generación de 1 MW de electricidad. Los flujos de masa y energía se obtuvieron a través del balance de masa y energía del sistema integrado. Todos los casos estudiados mostraron que el impacto del precio del grano fue mayor para etanol que para biodiésel. De acuerdo con el enfoque económico basado en el VAN, el sistema presenta índices económicos negativos. El análisis de sensibilidad mostró que para la producción de biodiésel con metanol y etanol, los flujos monetarios son negativos. Hubo un cambio mínimo en los valores de VAN con diferentes tasas de interés de 10, 12 y 15 %. El análisis mostró que no se genera aumento de capital como resultado del proyecto, para ninguno de los tres escenarios.